Becoming a certified commercial drone pilot through the FAA’s Part 107 program opens doors to a rapidly growing industry. Whether you’re interested in aerial photography, infrastructure inspection, mapping, or countless other applications, Part 107 certification is your gateway to legally flying drones for commercial purposes in the United States.
This comprehensive guide walks you through every step of the certification process, from understanding eligibility requirements to acing the knowledge test and maintaining your credentials throughout your career.
Understanding Part 107 Requirements
Before diving into test preparation, you need to confirm you meet the FAA’s basic eligibility requirements. These criteria are straightforward but non-negotiable for obtaining your Remote Pilot Certificate.
Age Requirements
You must be at least 16 years old to obtain a Part 107 certificate. There is no upper age limit, and the FAA does not require any prior aviation experience or pilot credentials. This makes drone certification accessible to anyone with the motivation to learn and pass the knowledge test.
English Proficiency
Applicants must be able to read, speak, write, and understand English. This requirement exists because all FAA communications, test materials, and regulatory documents are in English. There are no exemptions for language requirements under current regulations.
Physical and Mental Fitness
You must be in a physical and mental condition that allows you to safely operate a drone. Unlike manned aircraft pilots, Part 107 applicants do not need an FAA medical certificate. However, you’re expected to self-assess your fitness before each flight and not operate while impaired by drugs, alcohol, or medical conditions that could affect your judgment or motor skills.
TSA Background Check
All Part 107 applicants undergo a Transportation Security Administration background check. This process happens automatically when you apply through the FAA’s IACRA system and typically takes 24-72 hours. Applicants with certain criminal histories may be denied certification.
The Part 107 Knowledge Test
The Aeronautical Knowledge Test is the primary hurdle for Part 107 certification. Understanding the test format, content areas, and effective study strategies will significantly improve your chances of passing on the first attempt.
Test Format and Structure
The Part 107 knowledge test consists of 60 multiple-choice questions covering various aspects of UAS operations and aviation knowledge. You have two hours to complete the test, which is more than enough time for most prepared candidates. A passing score is 70%, meaning you need at least 42 correct answers.
Tests are administered at FAA-approved testing centers operated by PSI or CATS. Test fees currently run approximately $175, payable at the testing center. Appointments can usually be scheduled within a week or two at most locations.
Knowledge Areas Covered
The test draws questions from several distinct knowledge areas. Understanding the relative weight of each area helps focus your study time effectively.
Regulations and Airspace constitute the largest portion of the test. You’ll need to understand Part 107 operating rules, airspace classifications, and the requirements for flying in different types of controlled and uncontrolled airspace. This includes knowing when waivers are required and what operations are prohibited without special authorization.
Weather and Meteorology questions test your understanding of how atmospheric conditions affect UAS operations. Topics include cloud types, wind patterns, visibility requirements, and interpreting aviation weather reports like METARs and TAFs.
Loading and Performance covers how payload weight, center of gravity, and atmospheric conditions affect your drone’s flight characteristics. You’ll need to understand how density altitude, temperature, and humidity impact motor performance and battery life.
Emergency Procedures questions assess your knowledge of what to do when things go wrong. This includes lost link procedures, equipment failures, and how to respond to unexpected situations during flight.
Crew Resource Management tests your understanding of how to work effectively with visual observers and manage the human factors that contribute to safe operations.
Study Resources and Preparation
Multiple pathways exist for preparing for the Part 107 test. The method you choose should match your learning style and available time.
FAA Study Materials: The FAA provides free study materials including the Remote Pilot Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Study Guide (FAA-G-8082-22) and related Advisory Circulars. These official documents cover all testable content but can be dense for self-study.
Online Courses: Numerous companies offer structured online courses specifically designed for Part 107 preparation. These courses typically include video lessons, practice quizzes, and exam simulations. Popular options include Pilot Institute, UAV Coach, and King Schools. Expect to pay $100-300 for comprehensive courses.
Practice Tests: Taking practice exams under test-like conditions is one of the most effective preparation strategies. Multiple free and paid practice test resources are available online. Aim to consistently score 85% or higher on practice tests before scheduling your official exam.
Sectional Chart Reading
One of the most challenging aspects of the Part 107 test for many candidates is reading and interpreting sectional aeronautical charts. These charts contain dense information about airspace, obstacles, and terrain that’s essential for planning safe drone operations.
Key skills include identifying controlled airspace boundaries, understanding the symbols for airports and heliports, reading minimum safe altitude information, and calculating distances using chart scales. Invest significant study time in chart interpretation—questions in this area are common and often missed by unprepared candidates.
Taking the Test
When test day arrives, being prepared beyond just the content knowledge helps ensure a smooth experience.
What to Bring
Bring a valid, government-issued photo ID to the testing center. The name on your ID must exactly match the name you used when scheduling the test. You don’t need to bring any study materials, as everything required will be provided at the testing center.
Testing Center Procedures
Arrive at least 30 minutes before your scheduled appointment time. Testing centers have security procedures including storage of personal belongings and sometimes a sign-in process. You’ll be provided with a computer station, scratch paper, and a basic calculator if needed.
The testing center provides the FAA supplement booklet containing sectional chart excerpts, airport diagrams, and reference figures needed for certain questions. Take time at the beginning of your test to familiarize yourself with the supplement organization.
Test-Taking Strategies
Read each question carefully before looking at the answer choices. Many test questions include specific details that eliminate certain answers if you read precisely. Don’t rush—you have ample time to consider each question thoughtfully.
For questions you’re uncertain about, mark them for review and move on. After completing all questions, return to marked items for a second look. Often, knowledge gained from other questions helps clarify earlier uncertainties.
Trust your preparation. If you’ve studied effectively and performed well on practice tests, you have the knowledge to pass. Second-guessing yourself often leads to changing correct answers to incorrect ones.
After Passing the Test
Passing the knowledge test is a significant milestone, but several steps remain before you can legally operate as a commercial drone pilot.
IACRA Application
After passing, you’ll receive a passing score report from the testing center. Use this to apply for your Remote Pilot Certificate through the FAA’s Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA) system. Create an account if you don’t have one, then follow the prompts to submit your application.
TSA Security Check
Your application triggers a TSA background check. This process typically takes 24-72 hours but can sometimes take longer. You cannot operate commercially until this check is complete and your application is approved.
Temporary Certificate
Once approved, you can print a temporary certificate directly from IACRA. This temporary certificate is valid for 120 days and authorizes you to begin commercial operations immediately. Your permanent plastic certificate will arrive by mail within 6-8 weeks.
Maintaining Your Certification
Your Part 107 certificate isn’t permanent. Understanding the ongoing requirements keeps you legal and current throughout your drone career.
Recurrent Training Requirements
Part 107 certificates expire every 24 months. To renew, you must complete recurrent training through the FAA’s online system. This training covers regulatory updates and refreshes key knowledge areas. Unlike the initial test, recurrent training is free and can be completed online at your convenience.
Complete recurrent training before your certificate expires. If you let your certificate lapse, you’ll need to retake the full knowledge test at a testing center, incurring the approximately $175 fee again.
Staying Current with Regulations
Drone regulations continue to evolve. Subscribe to FAA updates and industry publications to stay informed about rule changes that affect your operations. Major regulatory changes in recent years have included Remote ID requirements, Operations Over People rules, and night flying provisions.
Building Your Skills
Passing the Part 107 test provides regulatory knowledge, not piloting skills. Continue developing your practical flying abilities through regular practice and, if possible, mentorship from experienced pilots. Many successful commercial operators pursue additional training in specialized areas like mapping, inspection techniques, or cinematic videography.
Beyond Part 107 Certification
Your Part 107 certificate is the foundation of a commercial drone career, but additional authorizations expand your operational capabilities.
Understanding Waivers
Certain operations prohibited under standard Part 107 rules can be authorized through FAA waivers. Common waiver applications include night operations (before the recent rule changes), operations over moving vehicles, and extended visual line of sight operations. Waiver applications require demonstrating how you’ll maintain equivalent safety levels through alternative procedures or technologies.
LAANC Authorization
The Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability system provides near-real-time airspace authorization for operations in controlled airspace. Learning to use LAANC effectively through apps like Aloft, DroneZone, or Airmap expands your operational flexibility significantly.
Advanced Certifications
As your career progresses, consider specialized certifications that differentiate your services. Options include thermography certification for inspection work, mapping and surveying credentials, and manufacturer-specific training programs. These additional qualifications command premium rates and open doors to specialized contracts.
Conclusion
Part 107 certification represents the essential first step toward a legitimate commercial drone career. The knowledge test, while challenging, is achievable with proper preparation and study. Focus your efforts on understanding regulations, mastering sectional charts, and familiarizing yourself with weather concepts.
Beyond the test, commit to ongoing learning and skill development. The drone industry continues to evolve rapidly, and successful pilots stay current with both regulations and technology. Your Part 107 certificate opens the door—what you build from there depends on your dedication to excellence in this exciting field.
Start your preparation today, schedule your test when ready, and join the growing community of certified commercial drone pilots making their mark across countless industries.
Frequently Asked Questions About Part 107
How long does the entire certification process take?
From deciding to pursue certification to holding your temporary certificate, expect 2-4 weeks for most candidates. This timeline includes 1-2 weeks of study, scheduling a test appointment (usually available within a week), and 24-72 hours for TSA processing after passing. Dedicated candidates who study intensively can complete the process faster.
Can I fly commercially while waiting for my certificate?
No. You cannot legally conduct commercial operations until your application is approved and you receive your temporary certificate through IACRA. The passing score report from the testing center is not sufficient authorization for commercial flights.
What if I fail the test?
If you don’t pass on your first attempt, you must wait 14 calendar days before retaking the test. Use this time to focus on the areas where you struggled. The testing center provides a score report indicating which knowledge areas need additional study. Most candidates who fail initially pass on their second attempt with targeted preparation.
Do I need insurance to operate under Part 107?
While the FAA doesn’t require insurance for Part 107 operations, most clients and professional organizations do. Drone liability insurance typically costs $500-1,500 annually for standard commercial operations. Hull coverage for equipment damage is additional. Getting insured before seeking clients is strongly recommended.
Can I use my Part 107 certificate for recreational flying?
Yes. Your Part 107 certificate authorizes both commercial and recreational operations. Many pilots prefer operating under Part 107 rules even for hobby flights because the requirements are more straightforward than the recreational rules under the Exception for Recreational Flyers.
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